Class 8th Social Science
Complete Important Questions and Answers
English
हिन्दी
1. Multiple Choice Questions
1. In the early days of the East India Company, ‘factors’ were called:
Answer: (A) Merchants
2. Under this system, the Company recognized kings and talukdars as landlords:
Answer: (B) Permanent Settlement
3. The Indian Constitution gives its citizens:
Answer: (B) Fundamental Rights
4. Which of the following options is mentioned in Article 17 of the Indian Constitution?
Answer: (B) Untouchability
5. Looms run by electricity are called:
Answer: (D) Power loom
2. Fill in the blanks
6. Lord Warren Hastings became the Governor General of India in 1773.
7. Farmers faced difficulties in cultivating Indigo.
8. Rani Lakshmibai was related to Jhansi region.
9. Wood pulp is mainly used as a raw material for making paper.
10. Labour is cheaper in India than in developed countries.
I. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q.11 Write any one feature of Jhum (shifting) cultivation.
Answer: Field Rotation. Farmers clear a patch of forest land, burn vegetation to enrich soil with ash, and move to a new area after a few years.
Q.12 What rumor spread among the soldiers regarding the new cartridges?
Answer: The rumor was that the new Enfield rifle cartridges were greased with the fat of cows and pigs, which was deeply offensive to both Hindus and Muslims.
Q.13 Name the members who formed the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
Answer: It was founded by Sir William Jones in 1784. Key members included Charles Wilkins and Sir John Shore.
Q.14 Why is Raja Rammohan Roy called a social reformer?
Answer: He campaigned tirelessly against oppressive social evils like Sati, child marriage, and the rigid caste system, while advocating for women’s rights and education.
Q.15 Name the diseases caused by contaminated water.
Answer: Common diseases include Cholera, Typhoid, Hepatitis A, and Dysentery.
Q.16 On what does the central government spend the largest part of its expenditure?
Answer: The single largest item of expenditure is Interest Payments on its previous borrowings.
II. Short Answer Type Questions
Q.17 Which Indian goods were in high demand in European markets?
Answer: Fine cotton fabrics like muslin, calico, and chintz, along with spices, indigo, and raw silk were in massive demand.
Q.18 How does the government help farmers in development of agriculture?
Answer: The government provides support through PM-KISAN (income support), crop insurance (PM Fasal Bima Yojana), subsidized loans, and improved irrigation.
Q.19 What is the importance of industries in our life?
Answer: They transform raw materials into usable goods, create large-scale employment, and contribute significantly to the national economy and GDP.
Q.20 Write the patterns of population change.
Answer: The three main processes are: 1. Birth Rate, 2. Death Rate, and 3. Migration.
Q.21 Nepal already had a constitution, so why did it need a new constitution?
Answer: The previous one (1990) was based on a monarchy. After a struggle for democracy, a new constitution was required to reflect democratic ideals.
Q.22 What is the need for an independent judiciary?
Answer: It is essential to prevent misuse of power by the legislature and executive, protect fundamental rights, and ensure unbiased justice.
III. Long Answer Type Questions
Q.23 What were the objectives of the Quit India Movement and its results?
Answer: The objective was the immediate end of British rule (Purna Swaraj). It showed the British that their rule was no longer tenable, unified the people, and paved the way for independence in 1947.
Q.24 What do you understand by renewable and non-renewable resources?
Answer: Renewable Resources can be replenished naturally and quickly (e.g., solar, wind). Non-renewable Resources exist in fixed quantities and take millions of years to form (e.g., coal, petroleum).
Q.25 Write any five measures for soil conservation.
Answer: 1. Afforestation, 2. Terrace Farming, 3. Contour Ploughing, 4. Crop Rotation, 5. Shelter Belts.
Q.26 Write the difference between the Legislature and the Executive.
Answer: The Legislature is responsible for framing laws (e.g., Members of Parliament). The Executive is responsible for implementing and administering those laws (e.g., President, Prime Minister, bureaucracy).